Coral reefs are important ecosystems that support a diversity of marine life, but they are facing significant threats, such as:
- Climate change: Rising ocean temperatures cause coral bleaching and death.
- Ocean acidification: CO2 emissions lower the pH of seawater, making it more acidic and hostile to coral growth.
- Overfishing: Removing predatory fish can cause a shift in the balance of reef ecosystems and harm coral.
- Pollution: Runoff from agriculture and sewage can increase nutrients in the water and promote the growth of harmful algae that can smother coral.
- Destruction from human activity: Destructive fishing practices (e.g. dynamite fishing), anchors from boats, and coastal development can physically damage coral reefs.
To protect coral reefs, the following actions can be taken:
- Reduce carbon emissions to combat climate change.
- Implement marine protected areas and fishing regulations.
- Reduce and treat coastal pollution.
- Promote sustainable tourism practices.
- Raise public awareness about the value and vulnerability of coral reefs.