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Macronutrients: Refers to the three primary nutrients needed in large quantities for sports nutrition: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
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Hydration: The process of maintaining adequate fluid balance in the body to support optimal performance and prevent dehydration.
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Electrolytes: Essential minerals, such as sodium, potassium, and magnesium, that help regulate fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contractions.
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Pre-workout nutrition: The intake of specific nutrients before exercise to optimize energy levels, promote muscle protein synthesis, and enhance performance.
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Post-workout nutrition: The consumption of nutrients after exercise to replenish energy stores, facilitate muscle recovery, and promote tissue repair.
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Supplements: Products such as protein powders, creatine, and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) that athletes may use to complement their diet and support performance and recovery.
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Glycogen: The storage form of carbohydrates in the body, which serves as the primary fuel source during high-intensity exercise.
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Antioxidants: Compounds found in foods that help protect against oxidative stress and inflammation caused by intense physical activity.
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Body composition: The ratio of lean muscle mass to body fat, which is important for optimizing performance and overall health in athletes.
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Nutrient timing: The strategic planning and distribution of nutrient intake before, during, and after exercise to maximize performance, recovery, and adaptation.